Photochromoscopic apparatus.



Patented Aug. [4, I900.

F. E. was; PHOTOBHROMOSCOPIC APPARATUS.

(Application filed Oct. 7, 1899.)

3 Sheets-Sheet l.

Patented Aug. l4, I900.

F. E. IVES. PHOTUCHBOIIOSCOPIC APPARATUS.

(Applcut nfil dOct 7 1899) 3 Sheets-Shut 2,

(No Modal.)

No. 655,7l2. Patented 'Aug. [4, I900. F. E. IVES.

PHOTOCl-IBOMOSCUPIC APPARATUS.

(Application filed 11,- 1899 T y a x w A C n .l

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PHOTOCHROMOS COPIC APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION-forming part of LettersPatent No. 655,712, dated August/l4, 1900.

Application filed October 7, 1899.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that LFEEDEEIc EUGENE IvEs,

a citizen of the United States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Photochromoscopes and Photochromoscope-Oameras, of which the following is a specification.

My invention consists of a photochromoscope-camera whereby three images of the same size and having the same perspective may be produced simultaneously side by side upon a single plate or upon three plates disposed side by side in the same plane.

The main distinction between my present camera and previous cameras which I have devised consists in its greater simplicity and accompanying cheapness of construction.

The instrument is also available as a photochromoscope.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a camera constructed in accordance with my invention, illustrating the manner in which it is intended to be used. Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the camera, taken on the line a a, Fig. 8, but showing the parts of the camera closed. Fig. 3 is a top or plan view showing the upper portion of the camera thrown back on its hinges. Fig. i is a sectional view on the line b b, Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a detached veiw of a lens-adjusting device forming part of the camera. Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the coursestaken by the light-rays in my improved camera. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing another embodiment of my invention; and Figs. 8 to 15, inclusive, are diagrams explanatory of one of the features of my invention.

The camera-box comprises a lower portion land an upper portion 2, disposed at aright angle to said lower portion and having a bottom plate 3, which serves as a lid 01' cover for said lower portion, the two parts being hinged together at 4, so that the upper portion can be thrown back in order to permit ready access to the interior of the portion 1, as shown in Fig. 3. In said portion 1 of the box are arranged sets of primary and secondary reflectors, each set comprising three reflectors and those of the primary set'being numbered 5, 6, and 7, while those of the secondary set are numbered 5, 6, and 7, respectively. The

reflectors of the primary set are inclined in 1 and the reasons for the peculiar disposition Serial No. 732,915. (No model.)

the same direction and at an angle of forty= five degeees to the axis of the incident rays and are disposed one behind another in the axial line of said incident rays, the first two reflectors 5 and 6 of the set being transparent reflectors, so that they will serve not only to reflect but alsoto transmit portions of said incident rays. The reflected rays are thrown horizontally at right angles to the axis of the incident rays and are received by the secondary reflectors 5, 6, and 7, these reflectors being disposed diagonally one behind another on a line which is diagonal to the axis of the incident rays and being also disposed at an angle of forty-five degrees to the axis of the reflected rays and so as to reflect said rays upwardly or in a direction at right angles to the rays from the reflectors 5, 6, and 7. This combination permits of the disposal of the secondary reflectors 5, 6, and 7 in a straight row, so that three images can be thrown side byside upon the same sensitive plate mounted upon the top of the portion 2 of the camera-box or upon three sensitive plates located side by in the same plane on the top of such portion 2 of the box; but it will-be observed on reference to Fig. at that the secondary reflectors are in planes which cross at an angle of forty-five degrees the longitudinal line of the sensitive plate or plates. Hence in the absence of some provision for correcting such result the images would be thrown upon the sensitive plate or plates with their horizon-lines disposed diagonally in respect to the longitudinal line of said plate or plates. This defect I overcome, however, by rotating the camera about its optical axis to the extent of forty-five degrees, thereby effecting a corresponding change in the angle of the images, and I retain the camera in this position while the photograph is being taken, a simple means for the accomplishment of this result being the beveled block 8, which serves as a support for the camera and imparts the proper angle thereto, as shown in Fig. 1, although a tripod having ahead adjustable to the desired angle or other means of supporting the camera in the desired in clined position might, as will be evident, be substituted for the beveled block 8.

In order that the'operation of the camera of its parts may be readily understood, it may be considered as developed on the basis of an arrangement of three separate cameras, as shown in Fig. 8, where A B C are the three cameras and D E F mirrors inclined in a vertical plane at forty-five degrees to the optical axis of the cameras, the mirrors D and E being transparent and the continuation of the line of the optical axes by right-angle reflection at the mirrors making them coincident in the direction of the object beyond G. lVith this arrangement the images formed in the usual manner at H I J will be on the same plane with the horizontal lines parallel to the base of the camera and joining each other, and a single sensitive plate could be used to receive all of the images. If new there is placed in each camera a forty-five-degree mirror arranged to reflect the images upward, they will be reversed from top to bottom, but will still he on one plane and in line with the horizon-lines parallel to the edges of the plate and joining each other. This arrangement is defective, however, inasmuch as the camera B is optically farther removed from the object than the camera A and the camera- 0 farther than the camera It, with the result that the images are not identical in perspective. For the purpose for which my camera is de signed it is necessary that the different images should be identical in perspective. In orderto secure this result,cameras would have to be arranged as shown in Fig. 9, wherein the optical distance from G is the same for all of the cameras. XVith this arrangement the images H I J are identical in perspective and the horizon-lines parallel to the base of the camera, but the images are not on one plane and cannot therefore be received upon a single sensitive plate. If now there be placed in each camera aforty-flve-degree mirror arranged to reflect the images upward, they will then be projected on one plane and could be received on a single sensitive plate K, as shown at A, B, and C in Fig. 10, in which the dotted lines representthe horizonlines of the images; but ifa rectangular plate is used with its edges parallel to the horizonlines two-thirds of its area will be wasted. A smaller plate could be used by placing it with its edges disposed diagonally to the horizen-lines, as at L in Fig. 11; but much of the area of the sensitive plate would still be wasted and the horizon-lines do not join each other. If, however, a camera constructed to give these three diagonally-disposed horizonlines, as in Fig. 11, be revolved on its optical axis through an arc of forty-five degrees, the three horizon-lines will become parallel to the edges of the plate forming a single line, as in Fig. 12, if the revolution is in one direction or three parallel lines, as in Fig. 13, if the revolution is in the opposite direction. In either case, if the images are originally large enough to greatly overlap each other in the absence of diaphragms, and diaphragms are so disposed as to make the sides of the rectangular openings parallel to the edges of the sensitive plates, the whole plate may be utilized and the images appear as in Fig. 11- or Fig. 15.

Various forms of secondary reflectors may be employed, the preferable form, however, being a silvered rectangular prism, and in connection with each of the secondary reflectors I also employ a diaphragm 9, the aperture of which is dependent upon the characterof the sensitive plate employed and of the special color sensation represented by the rays of light reflected by the mirrors in connection with which the diaphragm is used. Thus, as shown in Fig. 4, the diaphragm employed in connection with the mirrors and 5 has the smallest aperture, that employed in connection with the mirrors 7 and 7 has the largest aperture, and that employed in connection with the mirrors 6 and 6 has an aperture of intermediate size.

The opening 10 in the camera-box for the passage of the incident rays may be closed by a cap of any desired character, that shown in the present instance beinga simple hinged flap 11, and said opening may have an appropriate lens, although I prefer to use a separate lens in connection with each of the secondary reflectors, one of these lenses being shown at 12 in Fig. 2. The series of lenses is preferably carried by a frame 13, which is depressed by means of a spring 14;, but can be moved against the action of said spring by wedge-bars 15, Fig. 5. Hence adjustment of the lenses 12 toward and from the secondary reflectors is permitted within certain limits for focusing purposes.

The three color-screens 16 used in connec tion with the photochromoseope-camera may be disposed in any desired position in the path of the light-rays, said color-screens being located in the present instance in the portion 2 of the camera-box. The primary reflectors 5, 6, and 7 are held in contact with suitable stops by means of springs 17, so that they can be readily removed for cleaning or other purposes.

An instrument of the character described is of simple construction. Hence it can be made more cheaply than cameras which I have heretofore devised, while at the same time it is quite as effective for the intended purpose.

The size of the camera maybe reduced and the secondary reflector 7 dispensed with by disposing the reflector 7, as shown in Fig. 7, so that it will reflect the rays in the same direction as the secondary reflectors 5 and 6, the latter in this case being disposed closer to the reflectors 5 and 6 than when the arrangement shown in Fig. -1- is adopted. In

this case, however, the horizon line in the image above the secondary reflector 7 will be disposed at right angles to the horizon-lines in the images above the reflectors 5 and 6.

Theinstrument may, if desired, be used as a photochromoscope instead of a camera, the direction of the rays of light in such case being reversed, a chromogram or chromograms taking the place of the sensitive plate or plates upon the top of the portion 2 of the box and receiving the light for illumination and the opening 10 of the box becoming the view-point and being, if desired, provided with a suitable eyepiece. Hence the line of sight in such an instrument is the same as the incident ray in the camera. If, however, the instrument is to be used as a photochromoscope, it is better to omit the lenses 12 and the diaphragms 9 and to make the secondary reflectors relatively larger and to employ a single lens at 10.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. In an instrument of the character described, the combination of a casing, a series of reflectors inclined one behind another in the same line, two of said, reflectors being transparent, and a second series of reflectors disposed one behind another in a line which is diagonal to that of the first series of reflectors, substantially as specified.

2. In an instrument of the character described, the combination of a casing, a series of color-screens, a series of reflectors inclined one behind another in the same line, two of said reflectors being transparent, and a second series of reflectors disposed one behind another in a line which is diagonal to that of the first series of reflectors, substantially as specified.

3. In an instrument of the character described, the combination of a casing, aseries of reflectors inclined one behind another in the same line, two of said reflectors being transparent, and a second series of reflectors disposed one behind another in a line which is diagonal to that of the first series, said second set of reflectors being disposed so as to reflect the rays in a direction at right angles to that in which they are reflected by the transparent reflectors of the first series, substantially as specified.

4. In an instrument of the character described, the combina-tionof a casing, three reflectors inclined one behind another in the same line, two of said reflectors being transparent, and a second series of three reflectors inclined one behind another in a line which is diagonal to that of the first series of reflectors, substantially as specified.

5. In an instrument of the character described, the combination of a casing, aseries of inclined primary reflectors disposed one behind another in the same line, two of said reflectors being transparent, a series of secondary reflectors disposed in a line diagonal to that of the first series, and means for supporting a sensitive plate or plates in a posi-' tion diagonal to the axial line of the incident rays, substantially as specified.

6. In an instrument of the character described, the combination of a casing, aseries of inclined primary reflectors disposed one behind another in the same line, two of said reflectors being transparent, and a series of secondary reflectors disposed in aline diagonal to that of the first series, and each set in a plane at an angle to the plane of the pri-' mary reflectors whereby the reflected images will have their horizon-lines disposed diagonally in respect to the longitudinal line of the series of images, substantially as specified.

7. In an instrument of the character described, the combination of a casing, a series of reflectors inclined one behind another in the same line, two of said reflectors being transparent, a second series of reflectors inclined one behind another in a line which is diagonal to that of the first series, and means for mounting the casing at such an angle that the images produced Will have their horizonlines disposed parallel with or at right angles to the longitudinal lines of the plate or series of plates on which said images are formed, substantially as specified.

8. In an instrument of the character described, the combination of a series of inclined primary reflectors disposed one behind another in the same line, two of said reflectors being transparent, a series of secondary reflectors disposed in a line diagonal to that of the first series, a casing for containing said reflectors, a lens-bar having a lens for each division of the reflected rays, and means for adj ustingsaid lens-bar for focusing purposes, substantially as specified.

9. In an instrument of the character described, the combination of a casing, a series of reflectors inclined one behind another in the same line, two of said reflectors being transparent, a second series of reflectors inclined one behind another in a line which is diagonal to that of the first series of reflectors, and diaphragms of different aperture,

one for each image produced, substantially FREDERIC EUGENE IVES.

Witnesses:

F. E. BEorrroLn, Jos. H. KLEIN. 

